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Year 2026
 
Issue 1 [02 - 2026], Year XXXV

Study on the Use of Tailings Sludge from the Ta Phoi Copper Concentration Plant as a Replacement for Natural Sand in the Production of Cement-Free Green Concrete

https://mij.hoimovietnam.vn/en/archives?article=26015

  • Affiliations:

    1 Vinacomin- Institute of Energy and Mining Mechanics , 565 Nguyen Trai, Ha Noi, Vietnam
    2 Vinacomin Mining and Industrial Investment Consultancy JSC, 565 Nguyen Trai, Ha Noi, Vietnam

  • *Corresponding:
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  • Received: 5th-Nov-2025
  • Revised: 8th-Dec-2025
  • Accepted: 10th-Dec-2025
  • Online: 1st-Feb-2026
Pages: 42 - 47
Views: 23
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Abstract:

In the design of electrical equipment intended for use in underground coal mines where explosive gas and dust atmospheres may be present, the flameproof enclosure plays a critical role. The enclosure shall comply with all applicable requirements of type of protection “d” (flameproof enclosure) in accordance with IEC 60079 and the corresponding Vietnamese standard TCVN 7079. Therefore, the design process requires conformity with enclosure construction requirements in combination with mechanical strength verification calculations. This paper presents the technical requirements for the flameproof enclosure of a vacuum switch, together with the methodology and results of strength verification performed during the design stage. The research methods, design procedure, and results presented in this paper can be generally applied to the design of flameproof enclosures for electrical equipment intended for use in underground coal mines.

How to Cite
Do, D.Trong, Pham, T.The and Le, V.Phuc 2026. Study on the Use of Tailings Sludge from the Ta Phoi Copper Concentration Plant as a Replacement for Natural Sand in the Production of Cement-Free Green Concrete (in Vietnamese). Mining Industry Journal. XXXV, 1 (Feb, 2026), 42-47. .
References

[1] Bộ Khoa học và Công nghệ, TCVN 7079-0-2002, Thiết bị điện dùng trong mỏ hầm lò – Phần 0: Yêu cầu chung, 2002.

[2] Bộ Khoa học và Công nghệ, TCVN 7079-1:2002, Thiết bị điện dùng trong mỏ hầm lò – Phần 1: Vỏ không xuyên nổ - Dạng bảo vệ “d”, 2002.

[3] Bộ Khoa học và Công nghệ, TCVN 10888-0:2015, Khí quyển nổ – Phần 0: Thiết bị - Yêu cầu chung, 2015.

[4] Bộ Khoa học và Công nghệ, TCVN 10888-1:2015, khí quyển nổ - Phần 1: Bảo vệ thiết bị bằng vỏ bọc không xuyên nổ “d”, 2015.

[5] IEC, IEC 60079-0:2011 – Explosive atmospheres – Part 0: Equipment – General requirements, 2011.

[6] IEC, IEC 60079-1:2007, Explosive atmospheres- Part 1: Equipment protection by flameproof enclosures “d”, 2007.

[7] IEC, IEC 60079-11:2006 – Explosive atmospheres – Part 11: Equipment protection by intrinsic safety “i”, 2006.

[8] Bộ Công Thương, QCVN 01:2011/BCT, Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật Quốc gia về an toàn trong khai thác than hầm lò, 2011.

[9] Robert C. Boring et al, Part 6 Equivalency Revew and comparision: MSHA Explosion-froof Enclosure Standart, US Department of Labor, MSHA, West Virinia, 2005

[10] Chuanzhi Song, Xueming Wang and Yu Qiu. "Structural design and analysis of mine flameproof electricactuator," Topics In Chemical & Material Engineering (TCME) 2(1) 83-88,2023.

[11] Bhagirath Ahirwal, A. K. Singh and R. K. Vishwakarma, "Maintenance and Safety Requirements of Flameproof and Intrinsically Safe Equipment for Coal Mines," Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Vol. 6, No. 1, 2017, pp. 9 – 15.

[12] Krause, T., et al., "Investigations of static and dynamic stresses of flameproof enclosures," Journal of LossPrevention in the Process Industries, 2017, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2017.04.015.

[13] Li, D.; Dai, S. and Lin, T., "Evaluation of the Explosion Pressure. Parameters in Flameproof Enclosures under the Pressure Piling Condition," Energies, 2021, 14, 8156. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14238156.

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